Examples of using string indexs and the range function.
    
        # Accessing specific characters in a string
        #  using the index operator

        # Collections are always indexed starting with 0
        # Consider the string: "foobar!"

        #            Index | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
        #                  |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
        #       Characters | f | o | o | b | a | r | ! |
        #                  |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
        #    Reverse Index | -7| -6| -5| -4| -3| -2| -1|

        phrase = "foobar!"

        # Print the first character in a string
        print ("Access the first character in: " + phrase)
        print(phrase[0])

        # Can also use negative values
        #   starting from the far right of the string 
        print(phrase[-7])

        # Print the last character in a string
        print ("\nAccess the last character in: " + phrase)
        print(phrase[6])

        # THE INDEX MUST BE AN INTEGER
        #    FLOATING POINT WILL NOT WORK!

        # Same as the example above, but uses the len
        #   function to get the length
        print(phrase[len(phrase) - 1])
        # Can also be done in reverse index
        print(phrase[-1]) 

        # Using a Range with for
        print("\nPositive Range with Default Start Value (0)")
        for value in range(5):
            print(value)

        # Range is [0, 5) and is exclusive of the
        #   ending value 
        print("\nPositive Range with Explicit Start Value")
        for value in range(1, 5):
            print(value)

        # The third parameter to range indicates
        #   the step how to find the next value
        #   in the range 
        print("\nPositive Range Stepping by 2")
        for value in range(0, 5, 2):
            print(value)

        # You can even create a negative range of values 
        print("\nNegative Range")
        for value in range(0, -5, -1):
            print (value)

        # Using for and range to index a string
        print("\nIndex a string with range")
        test_string = "Hello World!"
        for index in range(len(test_string)):
            print (test_string[index])


        # Using for and range to index a string
        #   in reverse 
        print("\nIndex a string in reverse with range")
        for index in range(len(test_string)-1, -1, -1):
            print (test_string[index])
            
        # Range does not allow floating point values
        #   NOTICE THE USE OF INTEGER DIVISION (//) 
        print("\nPrint the first half of a string")
        for index in range(0, len(test_string)//2):
            print (test_string[index])

        # The find function can give you the index
        #  of the first occurrance of a character
        #  or substring in a string. 
        print("\nIndex of a character in a string")
        search_string = "Computer Science is Awesome!"
        print(search_string.find('A')) 

        # If the character isn't in the string it returns -1
        print("\nIndex of character NOT in a string")
        print(search_string.find('Z'))

        # Finding the beginning occurrance of a substring in
        #   in string. 
        print("\nIndex of a substring in a string")
        print(search_string.find('Awe'))