Activity: Classes

Create a new class called Book. The class should have the following attributes:

title: A string for the title of the book
author: A string for the author of the book
year_published: An integer for the year the book was published
is_checked_out: A boolean to indicate whether the book is checked out (default value is False)

Create a constructor (an __init__ method) that initializes the attributes above when a Book object is created. Test your code by a few instances of the Book class.
```
book1 = Book("1984", "George Orwell", 1949)
book2 = BookI("The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "Douglas Adams", 1981)
```
Define a method as part of the Book class called check_out that changes is_checked_out to True and prints a message saying the book has been checked out. If the book has already been checked out, it should print a message indicating that. Test your code by calling it.
```
 book1.check_out()

 # Calling it a second time would trigger a different print statement that the book is already checked out
 book1.check_out()
```
would output
```
 1984 by George Orwell has been checked out.

 1984 is already checked out.
```

Define a method as part of the Book class called return_book that changes is_checked_out to False and prints a message saying the book has been returned. If the book has already been returned, it should print a message indicating that. Test your code by calling it.

 # Check out and return book
 book2.check_out()
 book2.return_book()

 # Returning it a second time would trigger the other print statement that the book is already in the library
 book2.return_book()

would output

 The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams has been checked out

 The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams has been returned.

 The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is already in the library.

Define a method as part of the Book class called display_info that prints out all the details of the book, including whether it’s checked out or available. Call your function to test it. For example,
```
book2.display_info()
```
would output
```
TItle: The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
Author: Douglas Adams
Year Published: 1981
Status: Available
```

If you finish early

Create a new class, Library, which manages a collection of Book options. Include methods to add books, remove books, and display all books in the library.
Create a new function of the Library class called collection(startYear, endYear) which returns a list of books from the library in which the publication year falls within the given range.
Work on your final project with your group.

How to submit

Submit your working python file to Moodle.