Final Exam Cheat Sheet Preview

This is some content you can expect to see already included on your final exam cheat sheet.

Format Specifiers

Format Specifier(s)	C Data Type
%d or %i	signed integers
%u	unsigned integers
%f	signed floats
%lf	signed doubles
%ld or %li	long integers
%lu	long unsigned integers
%lld or %lli	signed long long integers
%llu	unsigned long long integers
%zu	size_t
%c	character
%s	string

Useful Includes

#include <stdio.h> provides:

• int printf( const char * format, ... )
• int scanf( const char * format, ... )
• int getchar( void )
• int putchar( int ch )
• FILE * fopen ( const char * filename, const char * mode )
• int fgetc( FILE *stream )
• int fprintf ( FILE * stream, const char * format, ... )
• int fscanf ( FILE * stream, const char * format, ... )
• int fclose( FILE *stream )

#include <string.h> provides:

• size_t strlen( const char * str )

#include <ctype.h> provides:

• int toupper( int ch )
• int tolower( int ch )
• int isalpha( int ch )
• int isdigit( int ch )
• int isupper( int ch )
• int islower( int ch )

#include <stdbool.h> provides:

• true
• false
• bool

#include <stdlib.h> provides:

• int atoi( const char *string )
• void *malloc( size_t size )
• void *calloc( size_t num, size_t size )
• void *realloc( void *ptr, size_t size )
• void free( void *ptr )
• void exit( int exit_code )
  • If you are writing code for a function outside of main(), calling the exit function will quit the entire program with the exit code you specified.
  • For example, if I check for an error in a function I am writing and need to quit the program immediately and report and error code of 10 when the situation occurs, I would call exit(10); from my function.